Copper chloride dihydrate, also known as cupric chloride dihydrate, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula CuCl2·2H2O. It consists of copper (Cu) ions bonded to two chloride (Cl) ions and two water (H2O) molecules. The dihydrate designation indicates that it contains two water molecules per copper chloride molecule.
Copper chloride dihydrate appears as a crystalline solid with a blue-green color. It is highly soluble in water and can also dissolve in ethanol and acetone. The compound is hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the air.
It is commonly used in various applications, including:
- Chemical reactions and synthesis: Copper chloride dihydrate is a versatile compound that serves as a source of copper ions in chemical reactions. It can be used as a catalyst, for example, in organic synthesis reactions.
- Laboratory and analytical chemistry: It is employed in laboratory experiments and analysis, such as in the preparation of copper-based solutions and as a reagent for testing the presence of other substances.
- Electroplating: Copper chloride dihydrate is utilized in electroplating processes, where a thin layer of copper is deposited onto a surface for corrosion protection, decoration, or circuitry purposes.
- Pigments and dyes: The compound is sometimes employed as a coloring agent in ceramics, glass, and textiles, producing shades of blue and green.
- Wood preservatives: Copper chloride dihydrate has been used as a wood preservative to protect against decay and insects, particularly in marine environments.