Material Safety Data Sheet: Ammonium Metavanadate

Identification

Product Name: Ammonium Metavanadate
Chemical Formula: NH₄VO₃
CAS Number: 7803-55-6
Synonyms: Ammonium vanadate, Vanadic acid ammonium salt
Recommended Use: Catalysis, dyes, analytical chemistry, research applications
Supplier: Recognized chemical distributors, laboratory chemical providers
Emergency Contact: National Poison Center, local emergency services

Hazard Identification

Hazard Classification: Acute Toxicity (Oral, Inhalation, Dermal), Eye Irritation, Respiratory Sensitization, Carcinogenicity
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage, May cause allergic or asthmatic symptoms, May damage organs through prolonged exposure, Toxic if swallowed, inhaled, or in contact with skin
Pictograms: Skull and crossbones, Health hazard, Corrosion
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust, Wear protective gloves and eye protection, Wash hands thoroughly after handling, Do not eat, drink, or smoke when using this product

Composition / Information on Ingredients

Chemical Name: Ammonium Metavanadate
Concentration: >98% by weight
CAS Number: 7803-55-6
Impurities: Trace vanadium oxides, water of crystallization
Molecular Weight: 116.98 g/mol
Constituents: Ammonium ion, Metavanadate ion

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move person to fresh air, Keep at rest, Seek medical attention if breathing becomes difficult, Provide oxygen if available
Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes, Remove contaminated clothing, Seek immediate medical advice
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, Get medical attention promptly
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, Do not induce vomiting, Seek immediate medical assistance, If person is unconscious, do not give anything by mouth
Most Important Symptoms: Burning sensation, coughing, respiratory irritation, skin rash, eye damage, headache, gastrointestinal disturbance
Medical Attention and Special Treatment: Treat symptomatically, Support respiratory and cardiovascular function, Monitor for delayed effects

Fire-Fighting Measures

Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical powder, Carbon dioxide, Alcohol-resistant foam, Water spray
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Strong water jets
Specific Hazards: Thermal decomposition releases toxic fumes of ammonia and vanadium oxides, Dust dispersion may contribute to fire
Protective Equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, Chemical protective clothing, Remain upwind and evacuate area if large fire
Special Procedures: Prevent runoff to sewers, Cool containers with water spray, Remove containers from fire area if safe

Accidental Release Measures

Personal Precautions: Evacuate unnecessary personnel, Avoid dust formation, Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, Ensure adequate ventilation
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements, or confined areas, Notify authorities if a large spill occurs
Cleanup Procedures: Collect spilled material mechanically, Place in compatible, labeled containers for disposal, Clean spill area thoroughly with water, Avoid generating airborne dust, Dispose of all waste as hazardous

Handling and Storage

Handling: Avoid skin and eye contact, Use only in well-ventilated areas, Minimize dust generation and accumulation, Wash hands before eating or drinking
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed containers away from moisture, oxidizers, strong acids, Store in a cool, dry location, Segregate from incompatibles such as reducing agents and acids
Incompatibilities: Reducing agents, Strong acids, Strong bases, Ammonium salts may react with some metals
Other Precautions: Keep only in original packaging, Label storage location, Restrict access to authorized personnel

Exposure Controls and Personal Protection

Engineering Controls: Provide local exhaust ventilation, Enclose sources of dust, Use fume hoods during laboratory handling, Ensure negative pressure if possible
Respiratory Protection: NIOSH-approved respirators advised for dusts or vapors, Use full-face respirator when concentrations are high
Eye Protection: Chemical splash goggles or face shield
Skin Protection: Impervious gloves (nitrile, neoprene), Laboratory coat, Apron, Suitable footwear
Workplace Exposure Limits: ACGIH TLV (as vanadium, respirable dust): 0.05 mg/m³, OSHA PEL: 0.5 mg/m³ (as vanadium pentoxide dust and fume)
Hygiene Measures: Remove contaminated clothing immediately, Do not eat, drink, or smoke in work area, Wash hands and face after handling

Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance: Pale yellow crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless or slight ammonia scent
Odor Threshold: Not established
pH: Slightly acidic in aqueous suspension
Melting Point: Decomposes before melting
Boiling Point: Not applicable
Flash Point: Not flammable
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at 20°C
Solubility: Soluble in water, Instantly forms yellow solution
Density: 2.3 g/cm³
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not available
Viscosity: Not applicable
Decomposition Temperature: Approximately 175°C, releases toxic fumes
Evaporation Rate: Not significant
Auto-ignition Temperature: Not self-igniting

Stability and Reactivity

Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions, May degrade under prolonged exposure to moisture or heat
Reactivity: Reacts with strong reducing agents, acids, and some metals
Possible Hazardous Reactions: Release of toxic ammonia and vanadium oxides on decomposition
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, moisture, exposure to incompatible substances
Incompatible Materials: Reducing agents, acids, flammable substances, chlorine compounds
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Ammonia gas, vanadium pentoxide, nitrogen oxides

Toxicological Information

Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact
Acute Toxicity: Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption, LD₅₀ (oral, rat): 58 mg/kg
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Causes burns and irritation
Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Risk of severe eye injury and damage
Respiratory Sensitization: May cause asthma or difficulty breathing, bronchial spasm
Skin Sensitization: May cause allergic reaction after repeated exposure
Carcinogenicity: Some vanadium compounds are considered possible carcinogens (IARC 2B)
Reproductive Toxicity: Animal studies suggest potential adverse effects on fertility
Other Information: Chronic exposure causes anemia, liver, kidney, and neurological effects

Ecological Information

Aquatic Toxicity: Very toxic to aquatic organisms, LC₅₀ (fish): <1 mg/L (96h), Persistent in water, May cause long-term adverse effects
Persistence and Degradability: Not biodegradable, Remains in environment for extended periods
Bioaccumulative Potential: May accumulate in aquatic organisms, Plants exposed to contaminated water accumulate vanadium
Mobility in Soil: Moderate mobility, Can leach into groundwater under acidic conditions
Other Adverse Effects: Contributes to water pollution, Toxic to microorganisms and higher organisms
Environmental Precautions: Prevent accidental release, Do not dispose into natural water bodies

Disposal Considerations

Waste Disposal Methods: Manage as hazardous waste, Dispose of according to national and local regulations, Incineration or high-temperature chemical treatment in licensed facility
Contaminated Packaging: Decontaminate before reuse or disposal, Dispose of as hazardous waste
Special Precautions: Do not discharge into drains or environment, Seek advice from licensed waste disposal company, Retain product label and safety information throughout disposal process

Transport Information

UN Number: UN 3287
Proper Shipping Name: Toxic solid, inorganic, n.o.s. (Ammonium metavanadate)
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: III
Labels Required: Toxic
Marine Pollutant: Yes
Special Precautions for Transport: Secure packaging, Avoid release of dust during handling, Emergency procedures for accidental release
Regulations: Compliant with ADR/RID, IMDG, IATA transport standards for dangerous goods

Regulatory Information

TSCA Status: Listed
EINECS: 232-261-3
OSHA Hazard Communication: Toxic and irritant, Listed material
SARA 313: Subject to reporting due to vanadium content
California Proposition 65: Warning required for vanadium exposure
WHMIS Classification: D1A (Very toxic material causing immediate and serious toxic effects), D2A (Very toxic material causing other toxic effects)
Other Regulations: Subject to local, national, and international regulation as a hazardous material
Labelling: Required hazard warnings, Pictogram, Safety advice numbers