Nanjing Liwei Chemical Co., Ltd

Knowledge

Ammonium Bismuth Citrate: An In-Depth Commentary

Historical Development

The history of ammonium bismuth citrate takes us back to old pharmacy books and early analytical chemistry texts. Bismuth compounds held a unique spot on the chemist’s shelf thanks to their use in medicines and analytical reagents. Early records show bismuth-based treatments showing up across Europe for digestive ailments, while labs for decades leaned on its distinct properties to separate and identify metal ions. Over the twentieth century, chemical refinements led to the preparation of ammonium bismuth citrate in more reliable, purer forms, opening the door to its use in clinical diagnostics and specialty manufacturing. Its story tracks the broader evolution of chemical industry standards—moving from loosely-defined mixtures to well-characterized, high-purity products.

Product Overview

At its core, ammonium bismuth citrate brings together bismuth, citric acid, and ammonium ions into a stable complex salt. This combination delivers properties that please both chemists and product developers. Its main draw lies in its use as an analytical reagent, especially in colorimetric detection and radiographic work. Laboratories lean on it for its consistent behavior, high solubility in water, and defined crystal form. This has fueled its inclusion in products ranging from diagnostic sprays to laboratory reagents, where reliability can't be compromised.

Physical & Chemical Properties

Ammonium bismuth citrate generally takes on a white or slightly yellow powdery appearance, sometimes showing a faint odor from the citric acid component. The compound dissolves readily in water, producing a colorless to pale yellow solution depending on concentration and purity. Its structure stabilizes the bismuth ion in solution, a big step up compared to other bismuth salts that often hydrolyze or form less soluble basic compounds. In terms of molecular weight and structure, values shift with hydration state and exact stoichiometry, but the bismuth remains tightly linked to citrate—granting shelf stability and reduced sensitivity to light or air.

Technical Specifications & Labeling

Quality control guidelines have tightened since the mid-2000s, especially for analytical-grade material. A good batch of ammonium bismuth citrate should offer a defined content of bismuth (usually expressed as a percentage, validated via titration or atomic absorption) and minimal contamination with heavy metals. Packaging labels display this content, hydration state, CAS number, and storage recommendations—generally a cool, dry environment, away from strong acids or bases. Many suppliers integrate a QR code linking to safety data sheets and certificates of analysis, reflecting a growing focus on transparency and traceability.

Preparation Method

Manufacturers often start the synthesis by dissolving bismuth nitrate in diluted nitric or citric acid. This solution then mixes with aqueous ammonia to yield a bismuth-citrate-ammonia complex. Fine control over pH guides the precipitation process; temperatures above room temperature can help ensure purity. After filtration and washing, the product dries under reduced pressure or moderate heat to remove excess liquid. Modern techniques favor closed systems, both for operator safety and to prevent exposure of the product to carbon dioxide, which could cause hydrolysis of bismuth ions or the formation of unwanted byproducts. The procedure appreciates practical skills—monitoring color changes and solubility give experienced chemists a sure sign of completion.

Chemical Reactions & Modifications

Ammonium bismuth citrate doesn't just sit on the shelf as a passive powder. Chemists value its ability to participate in further complexation reactions. Its citrate component can be replaced or supplemented with other multidentate ligands, opening avenues for the design of bismuth complexes with tailored solubility or reactivity. Heating with strong acids regenerates bismuth nitrate, while treatment with other ammonium salts swaps out ammonium ions for different cations. In photochemical work, the compound serves as a precursor for bismuth oxide materials—useful in catalysis and electronic ceramics. These reaction pathways add to its reputation as a multipurpose starting material in synthetic inorganic chemistry.

Synonyms & Product Names

This compound may show up in older literature or international catalogs under several names. Common variants include bismuth ammonium citrate, ammonium citrate of bismuth, or within clinical settings, something as generic as “bismuth citrate complex.” Commercial suppliers put their own spin, branding it under lab or diagnostic lines. A few trade names link the compound’s use to radiography or clinical analysis. Checking for its CAS number often clears up confusion, especially in multilingual or legacy inventory systems.

Safety & Operational Standards

Safe handling of ammonium bismuth citrate comes down to common-sense chemistry lab practice. While it doesn’t rank with lead or mercury compounds in toxicity, bismuth itself can still pose health risks if mishandled—especially with chronic exposure. Safety data sheets recommend gloves, protective eyewear, and adequate ventilation when working with powders or concentrated solutions. Spills should be cleaned promptly to avoid dust inhalation. Disposal routes favor neutralizing solutions and collecting residues for hazardous waste, rather than tipping down the drain. Manufacturers update guidelines periodically, reflecting better data and industry trends toward stricter exposure thresholds.

Application Area

Bismuth chemistry saw a lot of use in medicine—think old-school antacids and topical powders—but in today’s world, ammonium bismuth citrate finds its real calling in laboratory diagnostics and as a specialty chemical. Radiographers might use it as part of developer reagents, while analytical chemists rely on its clear reactions as a qualitative test for sulfide or phosphate ions. Researchers working on new bismuth-based catalysts or medical contrast agents turn to this compound for its reliable solubility and purity. The food and cosmetic industries have moved away from routine bismuth use, but select academic groups still explore its antimicrobial and formulation properties when seeking alternatives to more traditional metallic compounds.

Research & Development

Innovation keeps pushing the boundaries for compounds like ammonium bismuth citrate. Recent studies focus on developing bismuth-based drugs that avoid the side effects of older treatments, including resistance to certain gastrointestinal pathogens. Scientists have looked at this compound’s potential as a starting material for nanostructured bismuth oxide—materials that can tackle heavy metals in wastewater or act as supports for fuel cells. High-purity standards and cleaner synthesis protocols open doors to electronic applications, given bismuth’s interesting electrical and catalytic traits. The push for greener synthesis sees ongoing attempts to streamline preparations using milder reagents and less wasteful steps.

Toxicity Research

The safety landscape for bismuth compounds has shifted as more has come to light about their biological effects. Ammonium bismuth citrate fares well compared to other heavy metal salts thanks to low acute toxicity and poor absorption from accidental skin contact. Some research suggests minimal bioaccumulation, but questions remain about long-term ingestion or exposure, especially for sensitive groups. Studies in animal models suggest low risk at reasonable doses, though the industry supports ongoing monitoring in line with REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) guidelines. As with any metal compound, the real-world impact depends on dose and route. Most labs keep exposures minimal—not just to protect researchers, but to comply with stricter regulatory demands.

Future Prospects

Looking ahead, ammonium bismuth citrate won’t grab headlines like new antibiotics or lithium-ion breakthroughs, but its versatility makes it stand out in specialty chemistry. Its role as a platform compound for new bismuth drugs, environmental cleanup agents, or advanced ceramics keeps it relevant even as markets move away from heavy metals in consumer products. Advances in process chemistry promise cheaper, cleaner synthesis routes, while finer analytical testing will likely improve safety and consistency. There’s interest brewing in biomedical imaging, leveraging both the radiopacity of bismuth and improved compatibility thanks to citrate ligands. Whether in a teaching lab vial or on the research bench developing tomorrow’s materials, ammonium bismuth citrate keeps finding new ground to cover.



What is Ammonium Bismuth Citrate used for?

From Lab Bench to Clinic Room

Ask anyone who works in a medical lab about odd-sounding powders in tiny glass jars, and ammonium bismuth citrate usually gets a mention. Known for its pale yellow-green color, it plays a quiet but strong role where accuracy and reliability matter. In my own lab days, the jars with that handwritten “Ammonium Bismuth Citrate” label weren’t just props on the shelf—they signaled dozens of tests in progress, results that shaped real decisions for patients and for research.

Helping Doctors Find Answers Faster

Most people running to a clinic for a checkup or a stomach issue never hear its name. Still, ammonium bismuth citrate figures in kits for detecting Helicobacter pylori. This bacteria loves to make its home in the stomach lining, causing gastritis, ulcers, and sometimes even creeping toward more serious disease. In those test kits, citrated forms of bismuth mark the bacteria’s presence with a change in color or appearance. That gives doctors quick answers, letting them start the right treatment without waiting around. Missing a diagnosis or making a guess isn’t something anyone appreciates, so a compound that keeps lab tests sharp deserves more recognition.

Shaping Oral Care Products

The story doesn’t end in medical labs. Ammonium bismuth citrate stands out in some toothpaste and mouthwash formulas, too. The metal’s natural ability to suppress certain microbes can help target bacteria that feed on sugars—bacteria that often kickstart tooth decay and bad breath. Innovations in over-the-counter oral care keep rolling, with safer, gentler options leading the way, so seeing this compound on an ingredient list usually means some thought has gone into the science inside the tube.

Supporting Safer X-Ray Prep

Bismuth-based compounds show up in radiology, particularly for people with chronic stomach problems. Before an x-ray or CT scan of the gut, doctors need a clear view. That means blocking out the blur and shadow caused by fluids and tissues, but some older agents carried more risks or side effects. Compounds like ammonium bismuth citrate offer a middle ground: good imaging without heavy metals that stick around too long. This has made diagnostic routines safer and a little less anxiety-inducing for patients already worried about their next procedure.

Keeping an Eye on Safety and Supply

It’s impossible to ignore the bigger movement toward safety and sustainability in manufacturing. People asking where their products come from and how trustworthy their contents remain more vocal every year. With bismuth salts, keeping impurity levels low became more than a suggestion—it’s a requirement in reputable labs and factories. Trace heavy metals or contaminants in chemicals used for medicine are not just a quality concern but a regulatory one. The industry’s step toward tighter quality control, certification, and lots of independent testing means a safer end product for everyone. I remember tossing out entire lots that didn’t measure up, no matter how much the budget pinched.

What Wafts Beyond the Test Tube

The paths for ammonium bismuth citrate continue to branch. Some research teams explore its antibacterial power for broader applications, including wound care and resistant infections. Everyday clinical work still sets the pace, though, rewarding those suppliers and scientists whose focus doesn’t drift from purity and trust. It’s a quiet, almost overlooked ingredient—but one that draws a straight line from factory floor, to test tray, to real moments of relief and reassurance for people everywhere.

Is Ammonium Bismuth Citrate safe for human consumption?

Understanding Ammonium Bismuth Citrate

Every so often, questions about obscure food additives catch people off guard. Ammonium bismuth citrate pops up now and then, often thanks to its use in certain foods, pharmaceuticals, or even cosmetics. It combines bismuth, ammonium, and citric acid. Anyone who’s suffered from stomach upset might recognize bismuth as the main ingredient in over-the-counter remedies like Pepto-Bismol. So, the real issue comes down to what happens when bismuth gets mixed with ammonium and citrate, then lands in a person’s diet.

Tracing its Role in Food and Medicine

The FDA and the European Food Safety Authority both keep close tabs on food-related chemicals. Neither has approved ammonium bismuth citrate as a general food additive, so its main place in meals isn’t established. In medicine, bismuth compounds have been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders for more than a century. This legacy supports some level of confidence for certain uses, but each formulation carries its own baggage. Safety studies look at exact chemical makeup, not just the base element. That distinction can matter a lot, since changes in chemical structure lead to major shifts in how something acts in the body.

Looking at the Science and Any Red Flags

Trust in food ingredients starts with the available research. Science journals debunk myths and, sometimes, sound alarms. Most studies on bismuth citrate derivatives focus on therapeutic effects for stomach issues or their antimicrobial properties. Safe dosage hinges on how the body breaks down and clears each compound. Too much bismuth can cause toxicity—speech, balance, and memory problems have turned up in case reports, especially among people who used large doses over long stretches. Kids, those with kidney problems, or anyone on multiple drugs face the highest risks, since their bodies don’t clear out bismuth as fast.

A study I reviewed last year found that small, therapeutic amounts of bismuth citrate, prescribed and monitored, rarely lead to lasting side effects in healthy adults. Problems crop up with excessive or unregulated use. Unfortunately, the ammonium group in ammonium bismuth citrate hasn’t been as deeply studied as the more famous bismuth subsalicylate. This leaves a gray zone if someone considers daily or long-term exposure, especially if used outside approved pharmaceutical products.

Transparency and Safer Choices

Labels only build trust if they reflect what consumers actually face. Most packaged foods don’t list ammonium bismuth citrate, since it’s not part of mainstream food additives. If a supplement or medicine contains it, that product must spell out dosage and side effects. Reputable brands do this because it builds credibility, and smart shoppers always check those lists.

Regulatory agencies use real-world data to spot trends and possible backlash from overlooked ingredients. If someone thinks they’ve reacted badly to a food or drug, reporting the problem helps scientists better understand long-term consequences.

Moving Toward Reliable Food Safety

Safer food and medicine come from careful research and strict oversight. That’s what sets the standard in countries that balance innovation with public health. Until ammonium bismuth citrate gets a clear scientific and regulatory nod for daily consumption, people should stick with products that explain precisely what’s inside. If questions linger, a doctor or pharmacist can help break down the jargon and sort useful remedies from questionable additives.

People want ingredients that don’t put them at risk for hidden side effects. If bismuth compounds emerge as safe beyond their current medical uses, changes in rules and labeling will follow, reflecting the evidence—not just tradition or trend.

What is the chemical formula of Ammonium Bismuth Citrate?

Formula Unpacked: What Makes Up Ammonium Bismuth Citrate?

Walk into any chemistry lab looking for Ammonium Bismuth Citrate and folks will point you to a pale yellow powder that doesn’t make much of a splash until you dig a little deeper. Whether someone’s studying its use in medications, its reaction in specialty ceramics, or eyeing it for its role in diagnostic reagents, it’s pretty clear that knowing exactly what’s inside matters a lot. The chemical formula for Ammonium Bismuth Citrate sits as (NH₄)₂[Bi₂(C₆H₄O₇)₂]·2H₂O. Those familiar with chemistry see that and know instantly this compound threads together ammonium ions, bismuth, citric acid-derived citrate ions, and a couple molecules of water.

Digging Into Its Structure

Each piece of the formula tells a story. Ammonium ions bring mild basicity, bismuth brings a hefty atomic weight and ability to form stable, complex structures, while citrate links up the ions and makes the whole thing stay in solution the way you want for certain applications. That small “2H₂O” hanging on the end means the compound grabs water from the atmosphere and keeps it tightly in its crystal, something anybody who’s stored the stuff in a humid stockroom quickly learns.

It’s the details in the structure that decide an outcome in a test tube or a final product. Subtle changes like using a trivalent bismuth or switching citrate for another organic acid can flip reaction products from good to useless. In medicine, these changes matter. If you’re dosing a patient, wrong chemistry means wrong results. In ceramics or specialty chemical production, impurities or incorrect hydration throw off everything from color to setting time.

Fact-Based Focus: Safety, Authenticity, and Application

Anyone who’s weighed out Ammonium Bismuth Citrate for a reaction or a batch of glaze will tell you—attention to the formula means less drama down the line. The correct hydrate, the right mix, purity on point—all avoid headaches in the lab. Safety data for this compound points to some respiratory and skin hazards, not enough to stop careful hands, but no one should treat it casually. You’ll see it in photography, medicine, and sometimes even as a laboratory reagent thanks to this unique mix of citrate’s solubility boost and bismuth’s heavy-metal stability.

Mislabeling chemical formulas leads to shipment rejections and, at worst, clinical mishaps. Over the years, there’ve been real-world mishaps where using a similar-looking but wrong hydrate tripped up reaction yields and cost researchers big. Every chemist learns quickly that even a couple missing water molecules can throw off molarity or reactivity. Regulatory guidelines from governing bodies like the FDA or EU’s REACH push for full disclosure on chemical identity for a good reason. Knowing the exact formula protects workers, ensures customers aren’t getting shortchanged, and lets science move forward without going in circles.

Looking Toward Quality and Transparency

Getting the right Ammonium Bismuth Citrate means checking labels, double-checking receipts, and demanding certificates of analysis. The more companies and end users know—down to that (NH₄)₂[Bi₂(C₆H₄O₇)₂]·2H₂O—the safer and more accurate results get. A push for clearer supply chain transparency, tighter laboratory checks, and educational outreach about the specifics of specialty compounds will keep mistakes few and far between. Experience in the lab always reinforces a simple lesson: Know your chemicals, trust their formula, and your science stays solid.

How should Ammonium Bismuth Citrate be stored?

Common-Sense Chemistry: Practical Storage Tips Rooted in Experience

Ammonium bismuth citrate always sounds like a mouthful, but in my time handling lab chemicals, simple ideas keep things safe. This compound, used in everything from ceramics to colorants and medical imaging, asks for a bit more respect than baking soda. Reading a data sheet only goes so far—you need to think about daily workflow, workplace safety, and what can go wrong in a pinch.

Safe Storage Starts With The Right Setting

Picture a storeroom in a busy lab or even a small ceramics studio. Someone new to the game might tuck the jar next to detergent or store it in a damp area. Moisture creeps in quietly, then clumps ruin the powder and, worse, boost risk of unwanted chemical changes. Dry spaces have saved me more than once. A sealed container puts up a basic line of defense—not only against humidity, but against those accidental spills that have everyone rushing for safety goggles.

Facts from chemical safety boards show that improper storage causes most lab and industrial accidents, not flashy reactions on the bench. That tidbit sticks with me every time I see containers gathering dust on a floor next to a sink.

Temperature Isn’t Just a Number

Some people figure every chemical just sits there at room temperature. Experience tells me, though, that heat can creep up in poorly ventilated spaces. Leaving ammonium bismuth citrate near radiators, sunlight, or even next to a heat-generating fridge makes small disasters possible. Warmth accelerates chemical changes. Keep the powder cool and away from temperature swings. That's not just a tip from a manual—I've seen supplies go bad after a summer weekend because someone left a window open and the sun baked the cabinet.

No Room for Guesswork: Labeling and Segregation

Rummaging through an unmarked bin, I’ve learned that clear labeling isn’t just for neat freaks. In one case, a bottle of ammonium bismuth citrate ended up beside oxidizers. That’s a recipe for trouble if any leaks or cross-contamination happen. Make the effort to mark containers with date, contents, and any hazard warnings. If you use secondary containers, labels get even more important. Safety standards from OSHA and GHS always emphasize this, but seeing even a small mix-up cause panic makes it real.

People Make Mistakes—Set Up Procedures That Make Sense

New team members might treat every powder like flour. Having a storage checklist posted nearby helps everyone. I always include steps for handling spills, contact numbers for emergencies, and a quick rundown on using personal protective gear. Chemical burns or poisoning don’t respect whether someone’s on their first or hundredth shift. Real experience shows that clear instructions on what to do if something spills or goes missing can mean the difference between a minor cleanup and a major incident.

Why Storage Reflects Care for People and the Environment

Putting ammonium bismuth citrate in its proper place is more than a box checked on a list. Risk doesn’t care about good intentions; a poorly stored jar can endanger people and cause unexpected environmental harm. Salts like these can find their way into drains or air ducts if a shelf collapses or a lid fails. The real mark of an organization comes out in these small details: label, isolate, and keep dry, cool, and out of harm’s way. Nobody wants to be the story that gets told in the next safety meeting.

Are there any known side effects or hazards of Ammonium Bismuth Citrate?

Understanding the Material

Ammonium bismuth citrate pops up in a handful of places, mostly inside the labs, sometimes in medications or chemical processes. If you read the label of some treatments for digestion problems, you might spot a form of bismuth hiding among the ingredients. Its chemistry gives it the ability to settle an upset stomach, and it has found other niche uses, from cosmetics to industrial coatings.

Potential Hazards and Side Effects

Spending time with chemicals always asks for a bit of caution. Ammonium bismuth citrate, like many similar compounds, enters the human body through medicine, accidentally through touch or inhalation, or rarely, through environmental contact. For most people at home or work, skin and eye irritation stand out as the most likely troublemakers. A splash on the skin might lead to redness or a mild rash, while dust in the eyes leads quickly to stinging and watering.

Doctors have learned over the years that compounds containing bismuth cross into medical territory most often as treatments for the gut. In rare cases, ongoing use at higher doses brings out a more worrisome side. Some users notice dark, almost black, discoloration of the tongue or stool after using bismuth medicines. It looks alarming, but doctors often call it harmless and reversible after stopping the medicine.

The bigger concern usually shows up with heavy and sustained exposure, which doesn’t happen during normal use. Case reports in medical literature warned of kidney issues or brain symptoms called “bismuth encephalopathy” after long-term misuse or industrial exposure. These stories stick to extreme cases and often mix together many risk factors. Still, they serve as a reminder: even metals in medicine can turn toxic if they linger in the body too long or build up to high levels.

Where Safety Steps In

Handling any chemical, even outside the home, calls for respect. Gloves protect the skin, a dust mask keeps powder out of the lungs, and keeping containers closed cuts down on breathing in any fumes. Washing hands after contact lowers the risk further. No chemical likes to be left in reach of kids or pets who might spill it or put it in their mouths.

People using medicines with bismuth, including ammonium bismuth citrate, should read the label and listen to pharmacy advice. Some groups, especially those with kidney disease, do best by either avoiding bismuth or using it only under medical guidance. Mixing these medicines with other drugs, or doubling up on the dose, raises the risk for side effects.

Seeking Better Answers

Long-term studies on ammonium bismuth citrate toxicology still lag behind its more famous relatives. Scientists want more data on its effect after accidental spills, and they look for patterns in side effects during chronic treatment. Healthcare providers can help close that gap by reporting unusual reactions. For those working in labs or factories, regular health monitoring can catch problems before they snowball.

Closing the Safety Loop

As with many chemical compounds that slip into both medicine and industry, a dose of respect goes a long way in managing risk. Knowing the common side effects, reading labels, following storage guidelines, and asking questions about new symptoms keeps things safer for everyone.

Ammonium Bismuth Citrate
Ammonium Bismuth Citrate
Ammonium Bismuth Citrate
Names
Preferred IUPAC name Ammonium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylatobismuthate(1–)
Other names Bismuth ammonium citrate
Ammonium bismuthyl citrate
Pronunciation /əˈmoʊniəm ˈbɪzməθ ˈsɪtrət/
Identifiers
CAS Number [8067-76-5]
Beilstein Reference 136860
ChEBI CHEBI:85258
ChEMBL CHEMBL3980407
ChemSpider 20361161
DrugBank DB11103
ECHA InfoCard '03bbd853-e38c-42ec-b778-7df5fca0c5b6'
EC Number 237-368-7
Gmelin Reference 5685
KEGG C18797
MeSH D000648
PubChem CID 21602841
RTECS number EB5600000
UNII CZL0B60U1S
UN number Not regulated
Properties
Chemical formula (NH4)6Bi2(C6H4O7)4
Molar mass 704.21 g/mol
Appearance Light yellow or yellow-green powder
Odor Odorless
Density 2.6 g/cm³
Solubility in water Soluble in water
log P -7.6
Basicity (pKb) 8.35
Viscosity Viscous liquid
Dipole moment 4.67 D
Thermochemistry
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) 596 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
Pharmacology
ATC code A02BX05
Hazards
Main hazards May cause respiratory irritation, skin irritation, and eye irritation.
GHS labelling GHS07; Warning; H315, H319, H335
Pictograms GHS07
Signal word Warning
Hazard statements Hazard statements: "H302 Harmful if swallowed. H319 Causes serious eye irritation.
Precautionary statements P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 1-0-0
LD50 (median dose) LD50 (median dose): > 2,000 mg/kg (rat, oral)
NIOSH SN1188000
PEL (Permissible) Not established
REL (Recommended) 20 mg/m3
Related compounds
Related compounds Bismuth Subsalicylate
Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium
Bismuth Citrate
Ammonium Citrate
Bismuth Subgallate